RUSSIAN
AVANT-GARDE OF 1920’S:
THE REVOLUTION
INSIDE
The Russia of the 1920s had been experiencing an industrial revolution, a new development paradigm of the country led not only to new ideological principles, but also demanded a rethinking of architectural viewpoint, in the depths of which the avant-garde was born.
IT JUST HAPPENED THAT ALL THE PRIDE OF THE DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE XX CENTURY FOCUSED AROUND SHABOLOVKA STREET.
SHUKHOV
TOWER
HAVSKO-
SHABOLOVSKY
RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX
1st ZAMOSKVORETSKY
UNION
COMMUNITY
HOUSE
DANILOVSKY
MALL
SCHOOL № 600
TEXTILE
INSTITUTE
DORMITORY
COMPOSITION No. 24 К 24
1920–1922
SHUKHOV
TOWER
It is a radio tower named after the Comintern, designed by Vladimir Shukhov. The tower is considered one of the first avant-garde structures. Subsequently, this 150-meter “openwork beauty” made the entire area stylistically adjust to itself.
“The mouthpiece of the revolution” was the name of the radio at the beginning of the twentieth century, and from the end of the 1930s the first television programs began to be broadcasted from here.
1927–1930
HAVSKO-
SHABOLOVSKY
RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX
Havsko-Shabolovsky residential complex consists of 12 five-storey houses, consisting of typical to that time apartment sections that are set at right angles to each other, forming square courtyards. To this day, the glory of the first Soviet “city” within the boundaries of big Moscow remained behind the complex.
1927–1929
"1st ZAMOSKVORETSKY
UNION"
COMMUNITY
HOUSE
The community house of the “1st Zamoskvoretsky Union” on Lestev Street was designed with a reference to the dominant area of the district - the radio tower.
There is a well-known photomontage, that shows the house from the courtyard view, and the tower is slightly moved to fix the fictional axis of symmetry to enhance the expressiveness. In the "Evening Moscow" it was printed: "... Behind the giant house stands the mesh tower of the radio station. And it seems that this is one: the house, the tower, the blue sky ... ".
1929—1936
DANILOVSKY
MALL
The Danilovsky Mall building, though a very unique, but very typical to the architecture of the 1930s.
The plane of a single front wall goes into the side wings, like a wrapped ribbon. This decision is emphasized by the ribbon windows and the strict decor around them. Nowadays such architecture is called “streamline” - the style of buildings, cars, airplanes, steamboats with streamlined shapes..
1929—1935 SCHOOL № 600
School № 600 was founded under the patronage of Nadezhda Krupskaya. The building mesmerizes with an abundance of columns and porthole windows, but at the same time it demonstrates the conventionality of these decorations.
Trying to break the well-established architectural patterns, constructivists said that the main thing is functionality, and the whole look of the building should be determined by the content.
1929—1930 TEXTILE
INSTITUTE
DORMITORY
The student dormitory of the Textile Institute on Ordzhonikidze Street is a bright architectural image of the 1930s, where the principle of socialization of life received the most radical embodiment with sleeping cabins instead of ordinary rooms!
Architect Ivan Nikolaev developed an unprecedented functional scheme of the complex - planning reflected the student's daily routine to the smallest detail.
Mikhail Koltsov in his feuilleton "Acrobats by the way" of 1930 wrote: “The building will be stunning. And its appointment is very important. Students are personnel. Personnel is an industry. Industry is a five-year plan. Five years is socialism ... ”